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Depth Perception The ability to see in 3D or depth to allow us to judge the relative distances of objects. Often referred to as stereo vision or stereopsis. |
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Divergence The ability for the eyes to turn outwards together to enable them to both look further away. The opposite of convergence. (see above) It is essential for efficient learning and general visual performance to have good divergence and convergence skills. |
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Distance Acuity The ability to see clearly at a distance. This is usually measured at 20 feet. |
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Eye movement Skills A term to cover the whole range of eye movement skills required for efficient vision. These are pursuit eye movements, saccadic eye movements, fixation skills and ocular motilities. These terms are all found elsewhere in the glossary. |
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Facility See Accommodative Facility |
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Figure Ground The ability to separate objects from their backgrounds. An example is to be able to see the wood from the trees. In reading this skill is essential to enable the recognition of letters and words from a body of text or indeed the background color of the page itself without distractions. Distractions can come from the page itself of indeed from the area in the immediate vicinity. |
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Fine motor co-ordination. Usually refers to the co-ordination needed to use a pencil but may also affect other areas where fine manipulation skills are needed. |
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Fixation Skills The ability to stay looking at an object for a long enough period to enable recognition or cognition to be possible. Poor fixational skills often lead to poor attention and performance especially at near related tasks. |
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Fundus The medical term applied to the retina, which is the structure at the back of the eye. This is sometimes also known as the fundus occuli. |
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Fusional Reserves A series of measures to probe how much stress the convergence and divergence mechanisms are able to cope with when placed under stress. This is linked to the ability to maintain good clear comfortable single vision whilst keeping control of the focusing mechanism. Analysis of the results of this test are complicated. If results are low it can be expected that difficulty in concentrating for long periods will be experienced. Often headaches can result in prolonged periods of close work. Children in particular, but also adults, often show a tendency to avoid prolonged close work when the fusional reserves are low. |
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Gross Motor Skills Large body movements such as walking, jumping, skipping, balancing and ball skills. |
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